Since the 17th century, the Javanese's opium

Opium has been recognized by the Java centuries ago, at least in the 17th
century when the Dutch colonial government made opium trade as an
important commodity to be monopolized andsubject to tax. One
of 20 Javanese opium, opium expert writes Henri Louis Charles Te
Mechelen in 1882, as listed in the book Opium To Java by James R.Rush. Opium
habit is not only happening in the